Y-Axis Jobs Logo
Send us feedback
telephone  +91 7670 800 001
Log in Sign up Try Premium

Jobs in Berlin

About 6202 results in (1) seconds Clear Filters

Jobs Search

About 6202 results in (1) seconds
Kassenaufsicht (m/w/d) - 35h / Woche at METRO/MAKRO
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Team Leadership, Customer Service, Cash Handling, Ms Office Proficiency, Attention To Detail, Reliability, Problem Solving, Communication Skills, Time Management, Adaptability
Specialization
Candidates should have completed training in retail or relevant practical experience, along with leadership experience. A strong customer orientation and reliability are essential for this role.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Sicherheitsmitarbeiter (m/w/d) im Wertstoffhof in Berlin Marzahn at HR Dpt.
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Control Rounds, Access Control, Record Keeping, Protocol Management, Security Enforcement, Visitor Accompaniment, Monitoring Security Technology, Information Exchange, Patrolling
Specialization
Candidates must have training according to §34a GewO and a clean extended background check. Good German language skills and a willingness to work day and night shifts are also required.
Initiativbewerbung - Kfz-Mechanik / Automotive (d/m/w) at AUTO1 Group
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Automotive Expertise, Customer Service, Sales Skills, Negotiation, Communication, Teamwork, Precision, Critical Thinking, Self Responsibility, German Language Proficiency, Driving License
Specialization
Candidates should have initial to several years of experience in the automotive industry or a comparable environment. Strong communication and sales skills, along with a valid driver's license and fluent German, are also required.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Data Scientist at Jobs for Humanity
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Statistical Analysis, Machine Learning, Python Programming, R Programming, Data Wrangling, Data Visualization, Communication Skills, Predictive Modeling, Business Problem Solving, Strategic Decision Making
Specialization
The ideal candidate should have a strong foundation in statistical analysis, machine learning, and data manipulation. Additionally, they must possess the ability to communicate complex findings to diverse stakeholders.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Senior Bookkeeper at BSI Merch GmbH
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Ms Office, Excel, Accounting Software, Xero, International Vat, Statutory Reporting, Financial Processes, Communication Skills, Interpersonal Skills, Organizational Skills, Deadline Management
Specialization
Candidates should be proficient in MS Office and have experience with accounting software, preferably Xero. Strong communication skills and the ability to manage multiple priorities are essential.
Experience Required
Minimum 5 year(s)
Freelance Mathematics Expert with Python Expertise - AI Trainer at Mindrift
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Mathematics, Python, Numpy, Pandas, Scipy, Ai Evaluation, Problem Design, Calculations Validation, Structured Scoring, Professional Practice, Logic Improvement, English Proficiency, Professional Certifications, Applied Projects, Mathematics Experience
Specialization
Candidates should have a degree in Mathematics or related fields and at least 3 years of professional mathematics experience. Strong written English and Python proficiency are also required.
Experience Required
Minimum 5 year(s)
Strategy Manager (m/w/d) at Takeaway
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Strategy Development, Project Management, Stakeholder Engagement, Data Analysis, Financial Modelling, Performance Monitoring, Communication Skills, Teamwork, Business Acumen, Planning, Scheduling, Budgeting, Kpi Analysis, Innovation, Cross Functional Collaboration, Problem Solving
Specialization
Candidates should have 2-4 years of experience in management or strategy consulting, with strong business acumen and communication skills. A good grasp of data analytics and financial modelling is also required.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Operations Manager - Logistics (m/w/d) at CarOnSale
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Customer Service, Crm Systems, Problem Solving, Data Driven, Communication Skills, Logistics, Empathy, Self Management
Specialization
Candidates should ideally have a completed commercial training and experience in customer service. Fluency in German and basic English is required, along with experience in logistics or supply chain management being advantageous.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
German Speaking Banking Support - Digital Bank | Work In Greece at Mercier Consultancy MD
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Fluency In German, Customer Service, Banking Knowledge, Communication Skills, Problem Solving, Technical Proficiency, Client Satisfaction, Professionalism
Specialization
Fluency in German is essential, and previous experience in customer service, especially in banking, is preferred. Strong communication skills and a problem-solving mindset are also required.
German Speaking IT Support Agent - Tech | Work In Greece - Paid Relocation at Mercier Consultancy MD
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
German, It Support, Technical Support, Troubleshooting, Analytical Skills, Communication Skills, Customer Service, Support Software
Specialization
Fluency in German is essential, with prior experience in IT support preferred. Strong troubleshooting skills and excellent communication abilities are also required.
Venture Development Manager:in – Operativer Einkauf (w/m/d) at Enpal B.V.
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Operational Purchasing, Supplier Relationship Management, Process Optimization, Market Analysis, Cost Reduction, Digitalization, Negotiation Skills, Detail Orientation, Collaborative Skills, Problem Solving, Erp Systems, Sustainability, Hands On Mentality, German Language Skills, English Language Skills
Specialization
The ideal candidate should have strong negotiation skills and a detail-oriented, structured working style. A hands-on mentality and excellent German language skills (minimum C1) are also required, with English being an advantage.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Ausbildung Hotelfachfrau / Hotelfachmann (m/w/d) at Accor
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Teamwork, Customer Service, Hospitality, Communication, Adaptability, Creativity, Interest In Food, Interest In Hotel Concepts
Specialization
A school diploma is required, along with a desire to work in the hospitality industry and engage with people. The ideal candidate should be eager to learn and bring their personality to the role.
Sicherheitsmitarbeiter (m/w/d) für Gemeinschaftsunterkunft in Steglitz at HR Dpt.
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Security, Communication, Documentation, Conflict Resolution, Reliability, Interpersonal Skills, German Language Skills
Specialization
Candidates must have an IHK certificate of competence according to §34a GewO and a clean extended background check. Additional requirements include proof of measles vaccination and desirable certifications in first aid and fire safety.
Praktikant:in Ergotherapie in Berlin Pankow gesucht at Palabra Praxisgruppe GmbH
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Ergotherapy, Therapy, Communication, Teamwork, Child Psychology, Patient Care, Proactive Learning, Supervision
Specialization
Candidates must be in training to become an ergotherapist and should be eager to apply their theoretical knowledge in practice. A motivation to learn about different treatment fields and collaborate with speech therapy is essential.
Software Engineer / AI Enabler (m/f/d) at AutoScout24
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Software Engineering, Ai Enabler, Genai Tools, Typescript, Node.Js, Next.Js, Java, Spring Boot, Aws, Azure, Gcp, Llm Apis, Communication Skills, Curiosity, Growth Mindset, Pragmatic View Of Genai
Specialization
Candidates should have at least 5 years of hands-on experience in building production systems and demonstrated excellence in using GenAI coding tools. Strong communication skills and a growth-oriented mindset are essential.
Experience Required
Minimum 5 year(s)
Steuerberater (m/w/d) at CONSULTIA STEUERBERATUNGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Tax Consulting, Client Advisory, Tax Strategy Planning, Tax Audits, Financial Statements, Tax Returns, International Consulting, Team Collaboration, Digital Processes, Problem Solving, Reliability, Initiative, German Language Proficiency, English Language Proficiency
Specialization
Candidates should have successfully completed the tax advisor exam and ideally possess several years of professional experience. Proficiency in DATEV and MS Office, along with a forward-thinking mindset towards digital work, is essential.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Partner Operations Manager (w/m/d) at Enpal B.V.
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Order Management, Logistics, Customer Service, Process Optimization, Supply Chain Management, Kpi Monitoring, Problem Solving, Communication, Team Collaboration, Data Analysis, Quality Assurance, Stakeholder Management, Operational Excellence, Reporting, Sop Development, Service Improvement
Specialization
Candidates should have relevant operational experience in fields such as renewable energy, logistics, or e-commerce, with a strong focus on order management and quality assurance. Effective communication skills in both German and English are essential, along with a structured and solution-oriented approach to work.
Experience Required
Minimum 5 year(s)
Ausbildung als Kaufmann/-frau für Büromanagement (m/w/d) at b'mine hotels GmbH
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Organization Talent, Communication Skills, Friendly Demeanor, Team Spirit, Ms Office Proficiency, German Language Proficiency
Specialization
Candidates should have a completed school education and possess strong organizational and communication skills. Proficiency in MS Office and good German language skills are also required.
Engineer II, React JS, Fixed Term - (Logistics, Pricing) at Delivery Hero
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Javascript, Typescript, Web Application Development, Problem Solving, Collaboration, Unit Testing, Behavior Testing, Integration Testing, Component Driven Architecture
Specialization
Production experience with JavaScript (ES6+) and/or TypeScript is required, along with 3+ years of professional web application development experience. A pragmatic programming approach and a collaborative mindset are essential.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Consultant (w/m/d) für Bau- & Immobilienprojekte in der Entwicklungsberatun at BOHNZIRLEWAGEN
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Urban Development, Project Management, Team Coordination, Workshop Preparation, Client Communication, Analytical Skills, Ms Office, Presentation Skills, Sustainability, Real Estate Consulting, Feasibility Studies, Location Analysis, Development Management, Organizational Understanding, German Language, English Language
Specialization
Candidates should have a completed degree in relevant fields such as urban planning or architecture, along with some practical experience in urban or project development. Strong communication skills and proficiency in German and English are also required.
Kassenaufsicht (m/w/d) - 35h / Woche at METRO/MAKRO
Berlin, , Germany -
Full Time

Start Date

Immediate

Expiry Date

29 Apr, 26

Salary

0.0

Posted On

29 Jan, 26

Experience

2 year(s) or above

Remote Job

Yes

Telecommute

Yes

Sponsor Visa

No

Skills

Team Leadership, Customer Service, Cash Handling, MS Office Proficiency, Attention to Detail, Reliability, Problem Solving, Communication Skills, Time Management, Adaptability

Industry

Wholesale

Description
Unternehmensbeschreibung Die METRO Deutschland GmbH ist mit mehr als 10.000 engagierten Mitarbeitenden mit 102 Großmärkten und 11 Belieferungsdepots in ganz Deutschland vertreten. Rund drei Millionen Kundinnen und Kunden aus der Gastronomie und Großverbrauchende vertrauen auf unser vielfältiges Sortiment und die erstklassigen Leistungen unseres Unternehmens. Mit Leidenschaft, Kompetenz und Empathie tun wir alles dafür, sie optimal zu unterstützen. Unsere Mitarbeitenden sind unser Erfolgsrezept. Wir sind stolz darauf, dass unsere vielfältigen Teams mit hohem Engagement jeden Tag zum Erfolg von METRO beitragen. Werden auch Sie ein Teil von uns. Stellenbeschreibung Als Kassenaufsicht (m/w/d) stellen Sie die korrekte Verbuchung und Abrechnung des Warenausgangs sicher. Steuerung: Sie steuern den Kassier Prozess und behalten den optimalen Ablauf für unsere Kund*innen im Blick Geldentsorgung/Wechselgeldkontrolle: Sie wissen, wie sensibel alles rund um das Thema „Geld“ ist und wickeln die Geldentsorgung/ Wechselgeldkontrolle und -ausgabe sicher ab Kassenabrechnung: Die Sicherstellung der korrekten Verbuchung und Abrechnung des Warenausgangs liegt in Ihren Händen, wobei Sie die Einhaltung interner und gesetzlicher Vorgaben fest im Blick haben Qualifikationen Ausbildung: Sie verfügen über eine abgeschlossene Ausbildung im Handel (z.B. Großhandelskaufmann (m/w/d), Einzelhandelskaufmann (m/w/d)) oder passende Praxiserfahrung Führungserfahrung: Durch Ihre Erfahrungen aus einer vergleichbaren Position wissen Sie, wie man ein Team leitet und motiviert Erfahrungen und Kenntnisse: Sie haben fundiertes Know-how als Kassenkraft, sind mit den Kassenabwicklungen vertraut und haben einen sicheren Umgang mit MS-Office Kundenorientierung: Ihre Freude am Umgang mit Menschen und Ihre Begeisterung für den Handel tragen dazu bei, dass unsere Kund*innen stets mit unserem Service zufrieden sind Zuverlässigkeit: Sie zeichnen sich durch eine gewissenhafte, verantwortungsbewusste Arbeitsweise aus und strahlen auch bei hohem Kundenaufkommen Gelassenheit aus Einsatzbereitschaft: Sie sind bereit im Zwei-Schicht-System zu arbeiten Zusätzliche Informationen Faire Arbeitsbedingungen eines tarifgebundenen Unternehmens 30 Tage Urlaub Weihnachts- und Urlaubsgeld sowie tarifliche Zuschläge Planbare Arbeitszeiten in einer 5-Tage Woche Attraktive Möglichkeiten zur betrieblichen Altersvorsorge inkl. Arbeitgeberzuschuss Monatlicher Verpflegungszuschuss (für Tarifmitarbeitende) Mitarbeiterrabatte in unseren METRO Märkten sowie weitere Vergünstigungen in unserem Partnernetzwerk „Corporate Benefits“ Kostenlose Versorgung durch Kaffee und Wasser Gute Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten dank eines individuellen Trainingsangebotes Regelmäßige Feedbackgespräche in einem wertschätzenden Arbeitsumfeld
Responsibilities
As a Kassenaufsicht, you will ensure the correct booking and settlement of goods leaving the store. You will manage the cashier process and oversee the handling of cash and compliance with internal and legal regulations.
Kassenaufsicht (m/w/d) - 35h / Woche at METRO/MAKRO
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Team Leadership, Customer Service, Cash Handling, Ms Office Proficiency, Attention To Detail, Reliability, Problem Solving, Communication Skills, Time Management, Adaptability
Specialization
Candidates should have completed training in retail or relevant practical experience, along with leadership experience. A strong customer orientation and reliability are essential for this role.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Sicherheitsmitarbeiter (m/w/d) im Wertstoffhof in Berlin Marzahn at HR Dpt.
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Control Rounds, Access Control, Record Keeping, Protocol Management, Security Enforcement, Visitor Accompaniment, Monitoring Security Technology, Information Exchange, Patrolling
Specialization
Candidates must have training according to §34a GewO and a clean extended background check. Good German language skills and a willingness to work day and night shifts are also required.
Initiativbewerbung - Kfz-Mechanik / Automotive (d/m/w) at AUTO1 Group
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Automotive Expertise, Customer Service, Sales Skills, Negotiation, Communication, Teamwork, Precision, Critical Thinking, Self Responsibility, German Language Proficiency, Driving License
Specialization
Candidates should have initial to several years of experience in the automotive industry or a comparable environment. Strong communication and sales skills, along with a valid driver's license and fluent German, are also required.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Data Scientist at Jobs for Humanity
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Statistical Analysis, Machine Learning, Python Programming, R Programming, Data Wrangling, Data Visualization, Communication Skills, Predictive Modeling, Business Problem Solving, Strategic Decision Making
Specialization
The ideal candidate should have a strong foundation in statistical analysis, machine learning, and data manipulation. Additionally, they must possess the ability to communicate complex findings to diverse stakeholders.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Senior Bookkeeper at BSI Merch GmbH
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Ms Office, Excel, Accounting Software, Xero, International Vat, Statutory Reporting, Financial Processes, Communication Skills, Interpersonal Skills, Organizational Skills, Deadline Management
Specialization
Candidates should be proficient in MS Office and have experience with accounting software, preferably Xero. Strong communication skills and the ability to manage multiple priorities are essential.
Experience Required
Minimum 5 year(s)
Freelance Mathematics Expert with Python Expertise - AI Trainer at Mindrift
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Mathematics, Python, Numpy, Pandas, Scipy, Ai Evaluation, Problem Design, Calculations Validation, Structured Scoring, Professional Practice, Logic Improvement, English Proficiency, Professional Certifications, Applied Projects, Mathematics Experience
Specialization
Candidates should have a degree in Mathematics or related fields and at least 3 years of professional mathematics experience. Strong written English and Python proficiency are also required.
Experience Required
Minimum 5 year(s)
Strategy Manager (m/w/d) at Takeaway
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Strategy Development, Project Management, Stakeholder Engagement, Data Analysis, Financial Modelling, Performance Monitoring, Communication Skills, Teamwork, Business Acumen, Planning, Scheduling, Budgeting, Kpi Analysis, Innovation, Cross Functional Collaboration, Problem Solving
Specialization
Candidates should have 2-4 years of experience in management or strategy consulting, with strong business acumen and communication skills. A good grasp of data analytics and financial modelling is also required.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Operations Manager - Logistics (m/w/d) at CarOnSale
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Customer Service, Crm Systems, Problem Solving, Data Driven, Communication Skills, Logistics, Empathy, Self Management
Specialization
Candidates should ideally have a completed commercial training and experience in customer service. Fluency in German and basic English is required, along with experience in logistics or supply chain management being advantageous.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
German Speaking Banking Support - Digital Bank | Work In Greece at Mercier Consultancy MD
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Fluency In German, Customer Service, Banking Knowledge, Communication Skills, Problem Solving, Technical Proficiency, Client Satisfaction, Professionalism
Specialization
Fluency in German is essential, and previous experience in customer service, especially in banking, is preferred. Strong communication skills and a problem-solving mindset are also required.
German Speaking IT Support Agent - Tech | Work In Greece - Paid Relocation at Mercier Consultancy MD
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
German, It Support, Technical Support, Troubleshooting, Analytical Skills, Communication Skills, Customer Service, Support Software
Specialization
Fluency in German is essential, with prior experience in IT support preferred. Strong troubleshooting skills and excellent communication abilities are also required.
Venture Development Manager:in – Operativer Einkauf (w/m/d) at Enpal B.V.
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Operational Purchasing, Supplier Relationship Management, Process Optimization, Market Analysis, Cost Reduction, Digitalization, Negotiation Skills, Detail Orientation, Collaborative Skills, Problem Solving, Erp Systems, Sustainability, Hands On Mentality, German Language Skills, English Language Skills
Specialization
The ideal candidate should have strong negotiation skills and a detail-oriented, structured working style. A hands-on mentality and excellent German language skills (minimum C1) are also required, with English being an advantage.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Ausbildung Hotelfachfrau / Hotelfachmann (m/w/d) at Accor
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Teamwork, Customer Service, Hospitality, Communication, Adaptability, Creativity, Interest In Food, Interest In Hotel Concepts
Specialization
A school diploma is required, along with a desire to work in the hospitality industry and engage with people. The ideal candidate should be eager to learn and bring their personality to the role.
Sicherheitsmitarbeiter (m/w/d) für Gemeinschaftsunterkunft in Steglitz at HR Dpt.
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Security, Communication, Documentation, Conflict Resolution, Reliability, Interpersonal Skills, German Language Skills
Specialization
Candidates must have an IHK certificate of competence according to §34a GewO and a clean extended background check. Additional requirements include proof of measles vaccination and desirable certifications in first aid and fire safety.
Praktikant:in Ergotherapie in Berlin Pankow gesucht at Palabra Praxisgruppe GmbH
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Ergotherapy, Therapy, Communication, Teamwork, Child Psychology, Patient Care, Proactive Learning, Supervision
Specialization
Candidates must be in training to become an ergotherapist and should be eager to apply their theoretical knowledge in practice. A motivation to learn about different treatment fields and collaborate with speech therapy is essential.
Software Engineer / AI Enabler (m/f/d) at AutoScout24
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Software Engineering, Ai Enabler, Genai Tools, Typescript, Node.Js, Next.Js, Java, Spring Boot, Aws, Azure, Gcp, Llm Apis, Communication Skills, Curiosity, Growth Mindset, Pragmatic View Of Genai
Specialization
Candidates should have at least 5 years of hands-on experience in building production systems and demonstrated excellence in using GenAI coding tools. Strong communication skills and a growth-oriented mindset are essential.
Experience Required
Minimum 5 year(s)
Steuerberater (m/w/d) at CONSULTIA STEUERBERATUNGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Tax Consulting, Client Advisory, Tax Strategy Planning, Tax Audits, Financial Statements, Tax Returns, International Consulting, Team Collaboration, Digital Processes, Problem Solving, Reliability, Initiative, German Language Proficiency, English Language Proficiency
Specialization
Candidates should have successfully completed the tax advisor exam and ideally possess several years of professional experience. Proficiency in DATEV and MS Office, along with a forward-thinking mindset towards digital work, is essential.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Partner Operations Manager (w/m/d) at Enpal B.V.
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Order Management, Logistics, Customer Service, Process Optimization, Supply Chain Management, Kpi Monitoring, Problem Solving, Communication, Team Collaboration, Data Analysis, Quality Assurance, Stakeholder Management, Operational Excellence, Reporting, Sop Development, Service Improvement
Specialization
Candidates should have relevant operational experience in fields such as renewable energy, logistics, or e-commerce, with a strong focus on order management and quality assurance. Effective communication skills in both German and English are essential, along with a structured and solution-oriented approach to work.
Experience Required
Minimum 5 year(s)
Ausbildung als Kaufmann/-frau für Büromanagement (m/w/d) at b'mine hotels GmbH
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Organization Talent, Communication Skills, Friendly Demeanor, Team Spirit, Ms Office Proficiency, German Language Proficiency
Specialization
Candidates should have a completed school education and possess strong organizational and communication skills. Proficiency in MS Office and good German language skills are also required.
Engineer II, React JS, Fixed Term - (Logistics, Pricing) at Delivery Hero
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Javascript, Typescript, Web Application Development, Problem Solving, Collaboration, Unit Testing, Behavior Testing, Integration Testing, Component Driven Architecture
Specialization
Production experience with JavaScript (ES6+) and/or TypeScript is required, along with 3+ years of professional web application development experience. A pragmatic programming approach and a collaborative mindset are essential.
Experience Required
Minimum 2 year(s)
Consultant (w/m/d) für Bau- & Immobilienprojekte in der Entwicklungsberatun at BOHNZIRLEWAGEN
Berlin, , Germany - Full Time
Skills Needed
Urban Development, Project Management, Team Coordination, Workshop Preparation, Client Communication, Analytical Skills, Ms Office, Presentation Skills, Sustainability, Real Estate Consulting, Feasibility Studies, Location Analysis, Development Management, Organizational Understanding, German Language, English Language
Specialization
Candidates should have a completed degree in relevant fields such as urban planning or architecture, along with some practical experience in urban or project development. Strong communication skills and proficiency in German and English are also required.